ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the existence of the fabella and related adjacent structures in the Thais cadavers. The dimension and cross-sectional area of the ligaments were estimated. Microscopic feature of the fabella was also verified. Method: One hundred and eighty-six Thais cadavers were used in this study. Incidence of the fabella was investigated. The adjacent fabellofibular and short lateral ligaments were also analyzed. Histological study of the fabella was carried out to demonstrate the character of the bone. Results: The fabella was found in 50.5% of total cadavers. In case of fabella, it exhibited a collagenous fibrous cord arising from the fabella to the styloid process of fibula, which was called fabellofibular ligament (6.18%). On the other hand, the short lateral ligament (8.33%) was found in the case with the absence of fabella extended from lateral capsule of knee joint to the styloid process of fibula. The histological feature of the fabella and dimensions of the ligaments were also presented. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the existence of the fabella in Thais. The morphological structure of the fabella, fabellofibular and short lateral ligaments which rarely mentioned was also disclosed.
ABSTRACT
Rare anatomic variation of the coracoclavicular joint (2.34 %) was found in one male cadaver bilaterally and the left shoulder of one female cadaver from one hundred and twenty-eight shoulders in the dissecting room. The joint was an articulation between the lateral elevation of conoid tubercle and superior surface of the coracoid process. It was enclosed with a complete capsule and lined inside with a synovial membrane. Macroscopic study found that the articular surface on the conoid tubercle was hyaline cartilage and opposed to the fibrocartilagenous articular surface of the coracoid process. The pathogenesis of this joint was obscure, tracing information from their relatives found that the former was suffering from a shoulder pain and the latter had complaint neither of a shoulder pain nor any joint disease. This study is intended to draw an attention of the occurrence of this joint as it has been reportedly associated with the thoracic outlet syndrome.
ABSTRACT
A study of the glenoid fossa in Thais was carried out in ninety five normal shoulders in cadavers from the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital. The mean age of the cadavers at the time of death was 69.8 years. In order to provide basic structural information of the glenoid orientation in adult Thais, the work was done by using a custom-made scapula holder which kept the scapula the scapula in position in which the reference line superimposed with the axis of the scapula. The angular measurement performed by using a goniometer placed contact on both rims of the glenoid and center was superimposed with the reference line. Most of the scapulae, 85%, showed in upward inclination with the value of +6.7o+3.4o (mean + SD) and 13% scapulae tilted downward with -3.7o+1.9o. In a horizontal orientation, 81% of the scapulae faced backward (retroversion) with -5.5o+3.0o and 16% facing forward (anteroversion) with +3.8o+1.6o. The similar figures were also found in the scapula male and female cadavers; 8.5% of male scapulae had an upward inclination with +6.3o+3.3o and 13% a downward inclination with -3.7o+1.9o. Glenoid retroversion was found in 78% of male scapulae (-4.9o+2.7o) and 86% in the female scapulae (-6.1o+3.2o). The glenoid anterversion was found in 20% of male scapulae (+4o+1.5o) and 12% in female scapulae (+3.5o+1.9o). Statistacal analysis between genders and side showed no significant difference, nor a correlation to the dominatarm.
ABSTRACT
Anatomic and morphometric study of the scapula in Thais was aimed to provide fundamental information for surgical procedures such as fixation device selection, arthrocopic portal placement, prosthetic design and positioning. Therty measurements were carried in 97 scapulas, 25 pairs from female and 23 pairs and one left side from male cadavers. The average age at the time of death was 69.82 years. The average length of scapula measured from the superior angle to the inferior angle was 13.93+1.11 cm. (mean+standard deviation). The thickness of the lateral border taken from the midpoint and 1 cm. from the edge was 0.82+0.20 cm. thicker than the medial border taken in the same manner (0.12+0.08 cm.). The inferior angle was more acute at 40.88+5.29 degrees and thicker than the superior angle (84.29+9.43 degrees). The superior border was thin and sharp; the suprascapular notch was presented on the border medial to the root of the coracoid process. The depth and shape of the suprascapular notch were variable. The length of the spin measured from the tip of the acromion process to its medial edge was 12.89+0.94 cm. The anteroposterior width of the spine measured were 0.60+0.15 and 1.78+0.29 cm. taken from 1 and 4 cm. away from its medial edge, respectively, and 4.15+0.43 cm. width meansured in the plane of the spinoglenoid notch. The dimensions of the acromion of the acromion process were 4.41+0.47 cm. X 2.50+0.37 cm. (L x W x T). The distance between the acromion and coracoid processes was 3.11+0.41 cm. The coracoids measurements were 4.04+0.41 cm. X 1.46+0.19 cm. X 0.74+0.12 cm. (L x W x T). The distance measured from the tip of the coracoid process to the bottom of suprascapular notch was 4.84+0.39 cm. The glenoid dimensions were 3.58+0.35 (superoinferior) and 2.73+0.31 cm. (anteroposterior). The thickness of the scapula neck was 1.91+0.37 and 1.02+0.27 cm. at 1 and 2 cm. away from the glenoid rims. Scapulas from male cadavers were significantly larger than those from female cadavers in 27 meansurements.